NFOWARS
Telling the Truth – While We Still Can!

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Rise of Nationalism in Europe- a Short Overview

Nationalism-Intro

The term Nationalism is closely associated with the root word Nation. Since times immemorial, Nation has been described in various ways but still holding on to a common core. One such instance is the lecture delivered by a French philosopher, Ernst Renan (1823-1892) at the University of Sorbonne, where he explained a Nation as the culmination of long past of endeavours, sacrifice and devotion. A nation is truly expressed by its inhabitants. According to him, nations are the harbingers of liberty where every citizen enjoys the freedom of speech, equality and also redress the rights provided. A nation carefully directs the humanity towards a healthy progression.

The French revolution and the idea of a nation

The abstract notion of nationalism finally found its precision in the French revolution that erupted in 1789. The French revolutionaries introduced various measures and practices that could create a sense of collective identity amongst the French people.

The ideas of la patrie (the fatherland) and le citoyen (the citizen) emphasized the notion of a united community enjoying equal rights under a constitution. A centralized administrative system was put in place which abolished internal custom duties and introduced a uniform system of weights and measures. It also encouraged French as common language of the nation.

When the news of these events reached the different corners of Europe, students and other members of educated middle class began setting up Jacobin clubs. Within no time, the conflagration spread abroad.

But soon afterwards, with the rise of Napoleon, monarchy suffered severe damages which completely destroyed democracy in France. Easing the already flared fray, the Civil Code of 1804- usually known as the Napoleon Code- did away with all the privileges based on birth, established equality before law and secured the right to property. Napoleon simplified administrative divisions, abolished feudal system and freed peasants from serfdom and manorial dues. Transport and communication systems were improved. Business and small-scale producers of goods, in particular, began to realize that uniform laws, standardized weights and measures, and a common rational currency would facilitate the movement and exchange of goods and capital from one region to another.

Unfortunately, the highly anticipating ray of hope turned gray as the new administrative arrangement failed to go hand in hand with political freedom. Increased taxation, censorship, forced conscription into the French armies required to conquer the rest of Europe, all seemed to outweigh the advantages of the administrative changes.

The making of nationalism in Europe

In the very beginning, there were no particular nation-states and eastern and Central Europe was under autocratic monarchies within the territories of which lived diverse people. They did not see themselves as sharing a collective identity or a common culture. For example the Habsburg Empire that ruled over Austria-Hungary consisted if people belonging to different ethnic groups. It included the Alpine regions- the Tyrol, Austria and the Sudetenland as well as Bohemia, where the aristocracy was predominantly German-speaking.

Amidst these unfavourable conditions, ambiguity arises about the emergence of nationalism and how it gradually came into being.

The advent of nationalism can be marked by a dominant yet small class. Aristocracy stood tall in both the fields of society and politics. The raw notion of nationalism was finally acquired from this new phenomenon which cut across regional divisions. They spoke French for the purpose of diplomacy and in high society.

In the face of growing industrialization, a yet another class of working population came into being. This class was educated, broadminded and supported ideas of national unity leading to the downfall of aristocratic class.

With this, a new definition of Nationalism crept up, which politically emphasized the concept of government by consent. This liberal Nationalism stood for freedom for the individual and quality of all before the law.

Yet, equality before the law did not necessarily stand for universal suffrage I e. the right to vote. These rights were exclusively reserved for the property-owning men. Even women were refrained from these political rights. This further relegated the status of women to minority and widened the gap between the affluent and downtrodden.

As time passed by, it was realized that a society bounded by way too many restrictions hampered a rapid progress. This idea consolidated even more in the instance of economic backdrop. One such example is of the Napoleon’s administrative measures which had created out of countless small principalities, a confederation of 39 states. Each of these possessed its own currency, and weights and measures. A merchant travelling in 1833 from Hamburg to Nuremberg to sell his goods would have had to pass through customs barriers and pay a customs duty of about 5 percent at each one of them. Adding to the woes, even the units of measurements differed and thus making trade, a cumbersome and time consuming affair. Such obstacles to economic exchange and growth by the new commercial classes, who argued for the creation of a unified economic territory allowing unhindered movement of goods, people and capital. Hence, a wave of economic nationalism strengthened the wider nationalist sentiments growing at the time.

A new conservatism after 1815

In 1815, representatives of the European powers- Britain, Russia, Prussia and Austria- who had collectively defeated Napoleon, met at Vienna to draw up a settlement for Europe. The delegates drew up the Treaty of Vienna of 1815 which undid the changes brought about in by Napoleon. Thus, the whole of Europe was dipped back into the sea of autocracies.

The Revolutionaries

But this autocracy could not survive for long, as secret societies began to spring up in many European states to train revolutionaries and spread their ideas. The revolutionaries with the agenda of equality and freedom saw nationalism as the suitable light-bearer.

One such individual was the Italian revolutionary Giuseppe Mazzini. Born in Genoa in 1807, he became a member of the secret society of the Carbonari. At the tender age of 24, he was sent into exile in 1831 for attempting a revolution in Liguria. He subsequently founded two more underground societies, first, Young Italy in Marseilles, and then, Young Europe in Berne, whose members were like-minded young men from Poland, France, Italy and the German States.

AGE OF REVOLUTIONS: 1830-1848

Even though revolutionary activities had started surfacing gradually during the conservatism era itself, the real note-worthy upheaval against it occurred in France in July 1830. The Bourbon kings, who had been restored to power during the conservative reaction after 1815, were now overthrown by liberal revolutionaries who installed a constitutional monarchy with Louis Philippe at its head. “When France sneezes,’ Metternich once remarked,’ the rest of Europe catches cold.’

An event that mobilized nationalist feelings among the educated elite across Europe was the Greek war of independence.

Romanticism and nationalism

Nationalism found it significance not just in the sentiments of war and territorial expansion but also in art and culture. According to a well known German philosopher Johann Gottfried Herder (1744-1803), the true German culture was to be discovered in the common people through folk songs, folk poetry and folk dances that projected the true spirit of a nation.

Language also played a very important role in developing nationalist feelings. After Russian occupation, the Polish language was forced out of schools and the Russian language was imposed everywhere. Shaken by this disaster, the Polish people began to use language as a weapon of national resistance. Polish was used for Church gatherings and all religious instruction. Thus language generated oneness among the people.

REAL REVOLTS OF THE COMMON MASSES

The whole of the Europe witnessed one of its great revolts in the hands of weavers of Silesia who led an opposition against contractors who supplied them raw material and gave them orders for finished textiles but drastically reduced their payments.

This was followed by the unprecedented epidemic that drove thousands of people on the road without food and unemployment.

Resurgence of another form of Nationalism:

The revolutions in 1848 had led to the abdication of the monarch and pushed their demands for the creation of a nation-state on parliamentary principles- a constitution, freedom of the press and freedom of association.

Unluckily, this too turned out to be a failure with dominance by the middle classes who resisted the demands of workers and artisans and consequently lost their support. At last, troops were called in and the assembly was forced to disband.

In the course of these events, women were badly neglected. Even in the revolution promised freedom, women were still deprived of their basic right to vote. When the Frankfurt parliament convened in the Church of St Paul, women were admitted only as observers to stand in the visitors’ gallery.

THE MAKING OF GERMANY AND ITALY

Germany- Can the Army be the Architect of a Nation?

Nationalism which once ignited and led towards the direction of liberty and equality through the unification of different regions into a nation-state governed by an elected parliament was crushed badly after 1848. The monarchy and the military, supported by the large landowners (called Junkers) of Prussia, under then shrewd Chief Minister Otto von Bismarck, were able to bring down Austria, Denmark and France and complete the process of unification.

Italy unified

For long, Italy too was untouched from the wave of nationalism gathering about. But, eventually, during the 1830s, Giuseppe Mazzini took the initiative by forming a secret society called Young Italy for the dissemination of his goals.

The failures of the uprisings of 1831 and 1848, mounted the hopes of Nationalism on the shoulders of Sardinia-Piedmont under its ruler King Victor Emmanuel II. Chief Minister Cavour tactfully forged an alliance with France and thus, succeeded in defeating the Austrian forces in 1859. In 1860, theymarched into South Italy and the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies and succeeded in winning the support of the local peasants in order to drive out the Spanish rulers.

VISUALISING THE NATION

Nation is a single word for representing a humungous group of people who by one or other facts are bound together. Nation was conferred an order of high respect and was thus portrayed as female figures. She was regarded as the nurturer of her children that is the people. Apart from this, nationalism driven sentiments of liberty, justice.etc also acquired female personification as allegories.

THE FINAL RISE

After facing numerous ups and downs, nationalist tension finally resurrected in the area called the Balkans. Balkans successfully overthrew the Ottoman Empire which had ruled it for a very long period.

But soon after it, the now independent Balkan states yearned for more land and started fighting amongst themselves. These resulted in a series of war and finally the First World War.

CONCLUSION

Thus, we conclude that wherein Nationalism inspired and motivated thousands of states, at the same time, nationalism turned self-interest and lust of power led to severe fall of mankind.

Integra Wingates Hellsing
http://www.articlesbase.com/k-12-education-articles/rise-of-nationalism-in-europe-a-short-overview-748824.html

Blue World Pools Just Relaxes your Body and Mind

Why would you work continuously and do not give time to indulge yourself in giving a complete relaxation to your tired body? Nobody can work 24/7 and everyone requires time for themselves and relaxation time so they can decompress from life’s day to day stress. After all, your health is of paramount importance to you and you cannot make any compromises with it. Blue World Pools is a renowned name in the matter of installing pools and hot tubs at your premises, so that you get to explore new ways of leisure in your home. You need activities at your home that promote health and wellness you can not just watch TV and eat at your home. You need to give yourself time where you can be outdoors and get some exercise so that you can stay mentally and physically healthy. Purchasing a pool from Blue World Pools provide an enjoyable way of doing something different.

As the name suggests, blue world pools is meant to refresh the body and mind of everyone. You work so hard during the week and only on the weekends do you get time to spend with friends and family members. Having a pool or hot tub by Blue world pools, you can enjoy a pool bath or spa with them in the convenience of your own house. What you can do is call some of your close friends, arrange snacks and drinks for them, and enjoy quality time with you in the comfort of your own above ground pool and hot tub. You need relax time nobody can work all the time, everybody needs to recharge their batteries.

You may find it difficult to install hot tubs or pools on your own. You don’t have to worry about this issue because blue world pools will undertake the entire responsibility of installing hot tubs and pools in your residential complex. All you have to do is place the order with them telling them what kind of pool or tub you want to get installed. Blue world pools will get the bets quality material for you, so that you don’t have to do anything yourself.

Imagine yourself relaxing in the pool by Blue world pools with your eyes closed and your favorite drink in hand. Nothing can be more relaxed feeling than this. After all, you need time to indulge yourself leisurely is a fun activity. Besides just relaxing alone, you can also train your children in swimming. It is great to teach your children to swim at a young age also the having a great activity for your kids in your own home makes your life simpler. Spending time in your own hot tub and spa really relaxes you and enables you do so in the comforts of your home.

It is quite natural that when you think of purchasing from a hot tub, spa or above ground pool from Blue world pools that you think the prices are high. But there are so many affordable options to purchase from them and best of all there are many financing options from Blue World Pools which enables you to get the pool or hot tub of your dreams without paying much up front. Make sure that you deal with a reputable dealer like Blue World Pools not some fraudulent

Eric Wills
http://www.articlesbase.com/business-articles/blue-world-pools-just-relaxes-your-body-and-mind-121477.html

The Why of SEO – a Thermal Lifejacket for the Economic Ice Age!

Despite the many and varied articles written on how SEO is done, most people have only a vague appreciation of WHY it is absolutely essential. As the economic downturn bites into revenue streams, can you afford to ignore a key website business strategy?

That includes a depressing number of website designers, some of whom actually tell their clients that SEO is a waste of time and money, and that it’s quite unnecessary these days because Google is smarter than ever before… Au contraire – it becomes more and more critical every day, as website numbers expand exponentially! Lack of knowledge is not confined to website designers, it also includes a number of wanna-be SEO firms who make outrageous claims about their special relationship and affinity with Google etc, but have little idea of what it takes to consistently succeed in attaining Top 30 rankings.

There are many articles written on the HOW of SEO, covering the many and varied aspects of the art of improving your site’s position in search engine ranking pages (SERPs). Whilst most people have heard the term “search engine optimization” and have a vague appreciation (or apprehension) of the hoped-for outcome, surprisingly few people seem to really understand WHY it is absolutely essential.

Be very aware that in most cases website design is taught as an Art, not as a Business discipline. Website designers are rarely taught anything about search engine optimization, and few are interested in mastering the skills required to produce optimal results. That’s all very fine and dandy – but it leaves a lot of website owners desperately disappointed in mediocre results! You’ve probably heard the analogy about building a shop in the middle of a forest too, I bet? Seriously, it really does not matter how beautiful the site is – if no one finds it, then it’s just a gorgeous waste of virtual space.

Content is Still King

Regardless of the various conflicting opinions, Google conspiracy theories and misinformation, it comes down to a very simple concept – content quality, and accurate content classification. Content is where many sites fail dismally! The sites that thrive are those with well written, well organised original, interesting and useful content. Don’t copy other peoples stuff. Aside from being illegal, at best it immediately downgrades you to second best… As a general rule, from an SEO perspective, bear in mind the most fundamental issue – Google loathes duplicate content!

Classification

There are literally millions of websites, each competing for viewers in a particular niche. Reasons for their existence vary across the A to Z spectrum – advertising, entertainment, comedy, educational, humour, informational, music, news, promotional, sports, wine, video, zoos… you get the picture, right?

In the world of books we have the Dewey decimal classification system. Every published work is assigned an ISBN number, and libraries classify all books under a rigid hierarchical subject classification system. It’s not perfect, but it works pretty well because every one uses and understands it! Erudite people write insightful book reviews, which are sometimes included in advertising and promotions. Hold this thought, its relevant to a following section. You want to find a book on a particular topic, or by a specific author, you do a search and Eureka! You’ve found it, there’s a list, even! The best books are reviewed multiple times, and take pride of place in the “best sellers” rack.

Relevancy Ranking

Using different terminology, search engines are trying hard to do the same thing – to give their searchers the most accurate list possible, containing exactly what they want, so they can pick and choose from it! Unfortunately, there is no Dewey classification system on the web. The closest thing to a hierarchical subject listing is the Open Directory, Yahoo, or one of the thousands of other web directories – all of which are inconsistently organised into completely different illogical structures!

So, here we have Google and other search engines trying valiantly to index and categorize the billions of pages on millions of websites, in hundreds of countries in a multiplicity of languages. Then, they have to calculate each page’s relevance to specific search queries…

Are You Helping or Hindering?

That’s where YOU come into the picture… It’s a big, big task – have you made any effort at all to help Google to help you? Or is your website fuzzy and unfocused, with no clear statement of content or purpose? In most cases, sites are constructed with vague intentions to do SEO as an optional extra sometime in the future… What, you want Google to do everything for you?

Done Any Homework?

Do you have any idea how your primary audience searches for the information, products or services you offer? Do the pages on your site describe your content using terms your clients use? Because that’s the only way Google can match searchers with relevant content! What? You actually forgot to do any market research before launching the site? You have no accurate, researched, hard data on the keywords your potential clients would use? You asked your friends at work for ideas? Absolutely incredible!

Let us pretend you’re looking for clients for your small bed & breakfast business in Christchurch, New Zealand. You are optimistic that potential customers in New Zealand, Australia and the UK will be able to find your website amongst the millions of competing B&B pages on the web, be convinced by your persuasive advertising copy and elegant pictures… you’d also like them to come and book directly with you, to avoid hefty commission payments on the dozens of B&B Advertising Directory sites who also want you to pay to advertise! Dream on!

So You Want Google To Work For You?

You’d really like Google et al to help connect your potential clients to your business via Search Engine Results Pages by making your site No.1… And you certainly want “qualified” traffic from Google, visitors who are specifically looking for exactly what you offer!

Anyone who thinks they can survive online without Google, Yahoo and MSN is either a thoroughly well-rounded idiot, or is a household name who does not need to advertise to generate qualified traffic. There is no middle ground.

But here’s where it gets hard! How will Google do that? What solid information have you provided Google in your on-site content, and in the off-site links to your site? Have you got a Domain Name which encapsulates your business type and location; Bed-Breakfast-Christchurch.co.nz? Or a cryptic name, like; BnBChChNZ.com? Of the two, which is most likely to give the SE its first clue as to what your site is about?

What is On-Site SEO

Think about it this way… Does your home page have an explicit and accurate Title that provides a direct and unequivocal statement of the site’s business purpose in 70 characters? Does the Title say “Bed & Breakfast Accommodation, Christchurch New Zealand” or does it say “Welcome to Dusty Lodge” or something equally asinine?

Does your home page have an explicit and accurate Description that provides a brief outline of your business purpose, unique selling proposition, and call to action, encapsulated in 150 – 200 characters? Or does it contain some vague warm and fuzzy drivel about beaches and sunsets?

Keep the book analogy in your mind, and take a look at your Home page, particularly the first heading and first paragraph… “Welcome to my website” is not a productive approach! What does it tell your visitors about you? It tells me that you are at best naïve and both you and your website designer need SEO counselling! And think about that first paragraph… is it an accurate summary of the site’s reason for existence? Eliminate that fruity, cheesy, fluffy verbiage immediately!

If your website is required to deliver a return on investment, particularly by selling products or services, or delivering customer service, informing or entertaining, your really need to accurately describe your website’s content, and allow it to become visible online. What’s that I hear? Oh, you want it to make you rich as well? But you don’t really want to make a serious commitment or effort to do the job properly? Right… good luck with that! And remember that old GIGO acronym – “Garbage In, Garbage Out!”

What is Off-Site SEO?

This may surprise you, but some people are dishonest about their site content. Frankly, some people handle the truth in a very awkward fashion indeed… Telling Google that your site is about Pamela Anderson, when its actually selling Bart Simpson comics, is deuced annoying to the people who visit it! Therefore, Google and other SE’s decided long ago that some external verification of every website’s content would assist their efforts to deliver the most relevant SERPs to their clients. Makes perfect sense to me…

How is this achieved, I hear you ask. Well, you’ve heard of links, right? Back to the book analogy – think of good links as being like a series of book reviews! What if lots of people are writing positive things about your site? What if multiple, external, widely distributed sites are all saying that your site is about “Bed & Breakfast Accommodation Christchurch NZ” huh? The balance of probability that your site is relevant to such a search is positively impacted by this external confirmation! A coincidence of keywords in on-site content and off-site links reassures Google immensely! Those keywords in the off-site links are referred to as anchor text, and should form the link title.

No, Its Not Rocket Science

Frankly, search engine optimisation, in the pure sense of the term, is not particularly difficult to understand, or to do. The aim of the search engines is to provide their customers with the content most relevant to the search they are making. Therefore, your salvation lies in making your content relevant to the known searches! Do some thorough keyword research, learn and understand your target audience’s searching behaviour. Plan pages that target specific, high-volume, low competition search phrases.

Don’t be vague, don’t waffle, and help Google to help you!

When the economic gravy pot is bubbling merrily, and there’s ample business gravy slopping over, even the mediocre get a share. But when the economic ice age casts midnight shadows at noon, and credit wolf packs softly pad the empty streets, howling balefully at the waning moon… then, when you’re sucking the last congealed streaks of business gravy off your tarnished website spoon, ask yourself… Can you afford your website to be second rate, disorganised and drifting ever further into the icy wastes of mediocrity?

With a better understanding why SEO is so important to your website’s success, will you continue to ignore it?

Ben Kemp
http://www.articlesbase.com/online-promotion-articles/the-why-of-seo-a-thermal-lifejacket-for-the-economic-ice-age-729218.html

Christians, do/did you still believe in God after watching Zeitgeist?

"You have to know the truth and seek the truth, and the truth will set you free."

– Jordan Maxwell
Hmm , it seemed a very factual movie, but is apparently not O_o , I’m confused, what is the "truth" then? do any of us actually know the truth? Why can’t christians prove that God is real? Why can’t atheist prove the contrary? Ah sigh…

I have no idea what "Zeitgeist" is (as far as something which can be watched.)

I just now looked it up and immediately realized why people are making fun of it. That whole "Jesus is based on Horus/Mithra/whoever" cliche got old — and was dismissed by my colleagues — about a century ago. It has become one of those conspiracy theories which tends to identify its enthusiasts as arm-chair dilettantes of Biblical studies. One of my grad students wrote a paper on its popular appeal and how the Internet has given it new life even though it has no credibility among actual scholars in the field.

I do think it is very funny — and entirely appropriate — that some movie has managed to associate it with 9/11 Conspiracy nuts and other pop culture memes.

So now I understand the sarcasm of your question. Funny!

Another question about Alex Jones: what do you think?

I’ve come across certain areas of the internet that suggest that Alex Jones is a Jesuit in this "New World Order". What do you think about that?

I highly doubt that, used to listen to him, he’s a Christian and more of a Patriot / conservative-constitutionalist type. People always slander people in the media, and Alex Jones is no exception. He is not 100% on everything though; no journalist or media figure is, though I would trust him more than I would Faux News or other media outlets. Try some others, though, too like Survival Podcast, Zeph Daniel, and Nowhere to Run (Chris White) for variety. Don’t get all your news and views from one source.

David Icke and Jordan Maxwell in conversation: a Project Avalon video

BROTHERS IN ARMS :

David Icke and Jordan Maxwell in conversation about the agenda to control Planet Earth, meeting again for the first time in 15 years. Wonderful stuff.

http://projectavalon.net

http://davidicke.com

http://jordanmaxwell.com

bill@projectavalon.net

Duration : 1:24:55

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David Icke: Humanity’s Last Chance – Alex Jones Tv 1/5

Alex welcomes back to the show writer, public speaker, and former well-known BBC television sports presenter David Icke. David has authored several books, including: Human Race Get Off Your Knees: The Lion Sleeps No More and Infinite Love Is the Only Truth: Everything Else Is Illusion.
www.davidicke.com/

http://www.infowars.com/

http://www.prisonplanet.tv/

Duration : 0:10:58

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